The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has released three technical specifications for pollutant discharge permits: those for the electronics industry, the wood panel industry, and the incineration of hazardous waste.
Recently, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment released three technical norms for the application and issuance of pollutant discharge permits: "Technical Specifications for Pollutant Discharge Permit Application and Issuance - Electronics Industry" (HJ 1031-2019) (hereinafter referred to as the "Electronic Technical Specifications"), "Technical Specifications for Pollutant Discharge Permit Application and Issuance - Woodworking Industry" (HJ 1032-2019) (hereinafter referred to as the "Woodworking Industry Technical Specifications"), and "Technical Specifications for Pollutant Discharge Permit Application and Issuance - Hazardous Waste Incineration" (HJ 1038-2019) (hereinafter referred to as the "Hazardous Waste Incineration Technical Specifications"). These technical norms comprehensively promote the reform of the pollutant discharge permit system. Currently, the functions for pollutant discharge permit application and issuance in these three industries have been officially launched, and relevant pollutant discharge units in these industries can officially apply for pollutant discharge permits on the national pollutant discharge permit management information platform.
Key Analysis 1: Electronic Technical Specifications
The "Electronic Technical Specifications" stipulate the basic requirements for the application and issuance of pollutant discharge permits by electronic industry polluters, the determination of permitted discharge limits, the calculation of actual discharge volume, the determination of compliance methods, as well as environmental management requirements such as self-monitoring, environmental management ledgers, and pollutant discharge permit execution reports. It also proposes reference requirements for feasible pollution control technologies.
This standard applies to the pollutant discharge permit management of electronic industry polluters discharging air pollutants and water pollutants. Electronic industry polluters with electroplating processes are applicable to this standard. Among electronic industry polluters, production facilities and discharge outlets that comply with the "Boiler Air Pollutant Emission Standards" (GB 13271) are applicable to the "Technical Specifications for Pollutant Discharge Permit Application and Issuance - Boiler" (HJ 953).
1. Determination of Polluting Processes and Pollutant Factors
The electronic industry has many sub-sectors, a wide range of product types, multiple production processes, numerous production facilities, and a large number of raw materials. Based on a thorough consideration of industry characteristics, this standard focuses on key controlled pollutants (volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen), the first category of pollutants in GB 8978 (hexavalent chromium, total chromium, total cadmium, total nickel, total silver, total arsenic, total lead), and other electronic industry characteristic pollutants (benzene, toluene, xylene, fluorides, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, sulfuric acid mist, cyanide hydrogen, formaldehyde; total phosphorus, total copper, total zinc, fluorides, total cyanide); it also controls the production and pollution discharge processes such as spray painting, organic solvent cleaning, lithography, developing, gluing, peeling, printing, etc., which produce organic waste gas; acid waste gas from electroplating, wet etching, acid washing, chemical vapor deposition, etc.; alkaline waste gas from alkaline washing, developing, etc.; dust waste gas from cutting, batching, drilling, etc.; metal and cyanide wastewater from electroplating; complex copper wastewater from chemical plating; alkaline etching wastewater containing copper; wastewater containing ammonia from developing, cleaning; wastewater containing fluorine from cleaning, wet etching; wastewater containing organic matter from developing, peeling, cleaning; wastewater containing phosphorus from wet etching, cleaning, etc.
2. Differentiated Management of Pollutant Discharge Ports
The "Electronic Technical Specifications" divides the pollutant discharge ports of key management polluters included in the "Classification Management Catalogue of Pollutant Discharge Permits for Fixed Pollution Sources" into two categories: main discharge ports and general discharge ports. Main discharge ports include the organic waste gas discharge ports of spray painting production lines, organic waste gas discharge ports of integrated circuit manufacturing polluters, and organic waste gas discharge ports of display device manufacturing polluters. Other discharge ports are all general discharge ports. The permitted discharge volume for pollutant discharge ports is generally not allowed.
The management types of wastewater discharge outlets for electronic industry polluting units are divided into two categories: main discharge outlets and general discharge outlets. The wastewater total discharge outlets and workshop or production facility discharge outlets of the key management polluting units are regarded as the main discharge outlets, while the wastewater discharge outlets of other polluting units are considered as general discharge outlets. This standard requires dual control of discharge concentration and discharge volume for the main discharge outlets, with the factors of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, and hexavalent chromium, total chromium, total nickel, total cadmium, total silver, total arsenic, and total lead being the permitted discharge amounts. For the wastewater discharge outlets of simplified management polluting units, they are all regarded as general discharge outlets, and the pollutants discharged are only the permitted discharge concentration, without the permitted discharge volume. For the domestic sewage discharged separately into public sewage treatment systems, only the destination needs to be stated.
III. Requirements for Differential Self-Monitoring
This standard sets requirements for polluting units to formulate self-monitoring plans, clarifying the monitoring points, monitoring indicators, and monitoring frequencies.
Polluting units subject to key management shall implement automatic monitoring for the organic waste gas discharge outlets of spray painting production lines, the organic waste gas discharge outlets of integrated circuit manufacturing polluting units, and the organic waste gas discharge outlets of display device manufacturing polluting units. The flow rate, ammonia nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand of the wastewater total discharge outlets of key management polluting units shall also be subject to automatic monitoring. The other pollution items of key management polluting units and the general discharge outlets and simplified management general discharge outlets shall be monitored according to the prescribed frequencies. Other monitoring factor indicators not specified shall be implemented in accordance with standards and specifications such as HJ 819. After the release of the technical guideline for self-monitoring of electronic industry polluting units, it shall be implemented according to the provisions.
Key Analysis 2: Technical Specifications for Artificial Board Industry
"The Technical Specifications for Artificial Board Industry" stipulates the basic requirements for the application and issuance of pollutant discharge permits for artificial board industry polluting units, the determination of permitted discharge limits, the calculation of actual discharge volume, the technical methods for compliance determination, as well as environmental management requirements such as self-monitoring, environmental management ledgers, and pollutant discharge permit execution reports. It also proposes reference requirements for feasible pollution control technologies in the artificial board industry.
This standard is applicable to the filling of the "Pollutant Discharge Permit Application Form" by artificial board industry polluting units and the filling of relevant application information on the national pollutant discharge permit management information platform. It is also applicable to guiding the review and determination of pollutant discharge permit requirements by the issuing authorities.
I. Simplified Requirements for Basic Information Reporting of Polluting Units
In the artificial board production process, the key pollution control and environmental management aspects to be focused on mainly include the fiber preparation section, laying and hot pressing section, rough board processing section, sanding and cutting section of fiberboard, and the fiber production section, drying and sorting section, glue application section, laying and hot pressing section, sanding and cutting section of particleboard, and the production sections of plywood and other artificial boards. The pollutant emissions are relatively small. Based on a full consideration of the industry's pollution characteristics, this standard focuses on the main pollution-generating sections and simplifies the requirements for the reporting of basic information of polluting units.
II. Determination of Main and General Discharge Outlets for Waste Gas Pollutants
The fiber board and particleboard production drying waste gas discharge outlets of key management polluting units are managed as main discharge outlets. The discharge outlets of the simplified management polluting units are all regarded as general discharge outlets.
For waste gas discharge outlets that do not adopt incineration methods during the hot pressing process, they are managed as organized discharge general discharge outlets. For other sections such as laying, sanding, sawing, and sorting, if the dust removal system of the wind conveying system is negative pressure, the waste gas discharge outlets are managed as general discharge outlets. If it is positive pressure, they are included in the unorganized discharge management. The waste gas discharge outlets of the drying, press machine, sawing, and sanding sections of plywood and other artificial boards are managed as general discharge outlets.
III. Determination of Permitted Discharge Amounts
Currently, for the major emission outlets of enterprises in the industries using volatile organic compounds, the permitted emission volume is not set but is based on meeting the emission concentration standards. In the technical specifications, the feasible technical requirements for the treatment of volatile organic compounds are detailed, enhancing the organized emission control capabilities of the industry and strengthening the pollutant reduction effect.
The permitted emission volume of the main emission outlets of the pollutant-discharging units is calculated based on the permitted emission concentration limit, the benchmark exhaust volume, the main product capacity, and the annual operating time, etc. The conversion values of the benchmark exhaust volume for the main emission outlets of the pollutant-discharging units are stipulated in the standards.
Key Analysis 3: Technical Specifications for Hazardous Waste Incineration
"The Technical Specifications for Hazardous Waste Incineration" is applicable to guiding pollutant-discharging units of hazardous waste incineration to fill in relevant application information on the national pollutant discharge permit management information platform and to guiding the issuing authorities to review and determine the permit requirements of the pollutant-discharging units.
This standard covers all hazardous waste incineration enterprises subject to pollutant discharge permit management and is applicable to hazardous waste centralized incineration disposal units. If the pollutant-discharging units build their own hazardous waste incineration disposal facilities and the applicable technical specifications for the application and issuance of pollutant discharge permits of the main industry are not specified, they can refer to this standard for implementation. The technical definition of hazardous waste incineration disposal shall be carried out in accordance with the "Technical Guidelines for Hazardous Waste Disposal" (HJ 2042).
I. Determination of Emission Sources and Pollutant Factors
The waste gas mainly includes incineration waste gas, waste gas generated from loading, storage, and pre-treatment, and waste gas from sewage treatment facilities. The pollution factors of the waste gas are determined according to standards such as "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Incineration" (GB 18484), "Integrated Emission Standards for Air Pollutants" (GB 16297), and "Odor Pollutant Emission Standards" (GB 14554). Among them, the main pollutant types of incineration waste gas include smoke opacity, smoke dust (particulate matter), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrochloric acid, nitrogen oxides, heavy metals and their compounds, dioxins, etc. The main pollutant types of waste gas from loading, storage, and pre-treatment include volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, hydrogen fluoride, fluorides, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, odor concentration, etc. The main pollutant types of waste gas from sewage treatment facilities include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, odor concentration, etc.
The wastewater mainly includes wastewater from the comprehensive sewage treatment station within the incineration plant, initial rainwater, and domestic sewage. The pollutant factors are confirmed according to standards such as "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards" (GB 8978). Among them, the wastewater from the comprehensive sewage treatment station within the incineration plant is generated from wet acid removal, smoke gas purification, wet dust removal, flushing, cooling, waste heat boilers, soft water preparation, etc., and the main pollutant types include pH, suspended solids, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, petroleum, ammonia nitrogen, fluorides, phosphate, fecal coliform count, total residual chlorine, total mercury, total cadmium, total chromium, hexavalent chromium, total arsenic, total lead, etc. The initial rainwater is generated from collected initial rainwater, and the main pollutant types include pH, suspended solids, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, petroleum, ammonia nitrogen, fluorides, total mercury, total cadmium, total chromium, hexavalent chromium, total arsenic, total lead, etc. The domestic sewage is generated from employees' living and office areas within the plant, and the main pollutant types include pH, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, etc.
II. Differentiated Management of Emission Outlets
All hazardous waste incineration pollutant-discharging units are subject to key management and there is no simplified management. The incineration smoke exhaust stack is the main emission outlet, and the other organized waste gas emission outlets are general emission outlets. The wastewater emission outlets are all general emission outlets. This standard implements dual control of emission concentration and emission volume for the main emission outlets of incineration smoke exhaust stacks. The factors of the permitted emission volume are smoke dust (particulate matter), sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. The discharge of domestic sewage into the public sewage treatment system merely indicates the destination.
III. Calculation Method of Permitted Emission Volume
According to the national or local pollutant discharge standards, the permitted emission concentration is determined based on the principle of strictness. The permitted emission volume is calculated using the accounting method stipulated in this standard and the key pollutant emission total control indicators decomposed and implemented to the polluting units in accordance with the law. The permitted emission volume is strictly determined. For polluting units that obtained the environmental impact assessment approval opinion on or after January 1, 2015 (inclusive), the permitted emission volume should also meet the requirements determined by the environmental impact assessment documents and the approval opinions.
This standard provides the calculation method for permitted emission volume. It mainly clarifies the annual permitted emission volume of dust (particulate matter), sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides for the main emission outlets of waste gas based on the permitted emission concentration limit, flue gas volume, and designed annual operating hours.
IV. Requirements for Self-Monitoring
This standard lists the main pollutants that should be monitored independently and the minimum monitoring frequency. Other monitoring factors should be reported in accordance with HJ819 and the requirements of relevant pollutant discharge standards and pollution control standards. It is clearly stipulated that online monitoring systems must be installed for dust (particulate matter), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, and nitrogen oxides (measured as NO2).
A technical guideline for self-monitoring of hazardous waste incineration is currently under preparation and will be released after its publication.
The article is excerpted from the First Environmental Protection Network.
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